The rapid advancement of nanotechnology and its integration into construction materials presents an exciting opportunity for the development of high-performance concrete. Among various nanomaterials, graphene has gained significant attention due to its exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties. Graphene’s incorporation into cement-based composites holds multifunctional prospects for addressing critical challenges in modern infrastructure, such as the need for enhanced strength, durability, and sustainability. Furthermore, graphene enables the creation of “smart” concrete with self-sensing capabilities.